Laparoscopic Surgery in India

Overview

Laparoscopic surgery or Laparoscopy also called minimally invasive surgery (MIS), band aid surgery, keyhole surgery is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) as compared to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy. It is one of the most significant advancement of Surgery which took place in the 20th century. It has contributed greatly to the three corner stones of Modern Surgery viz. Reduction of Pain, Bleeding and Infection. Although laparoscopy has been used for many years by gynecologists to evaluate pelvic pathology, most surgeons did not recognize its value until laparoscopic gall bladder operation was done. Since that time, the application of laparoscopic instruments and techniques has greatly improved, and new uses are being developed rapidly.

What is Laparoscopic Surgery?

Laparoscopic surgery is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions (usually 0.5–1.5 cm) as compared to the larger incisions needed in laparotomy. It is a direct visualization of the peritoneal cavity, ovaries, outside of the tubes and uterus by using a laparoscopy. The laparoscopy is an instrument somewhat like a miniature telescope with a fiber optic system which brings light into the abdomen. It is about as big around as a fountain pen and twice as long.

How it works?

During laparoscopy, a small 1/2 inch cut is made in the skin at the belly button. Then a cannula (thin tube) is introduced in between the muscle fibers without cutting any of the muscle. Through the cannula, the laparoscope is inserted into the patient's body. It is equipped with a tiny camera and light source that allow it to send images through a fiber-optic cord to a television monitor. The television monitor shows a high resolution magnified image. Watching the monitor, the surgeon can perform the procedure. While looking inside the patient, further 1/2" or 1/4" diameter cannulas are put in depending upon the procedure e.g. one more for a diagnostic laparoscopy, two more for groin hernia repairs and three more for a laparoscopic gall bladder operation. Instruments are introduced through the cannulas and the operation is performed exactly as one would have done the same procedure at an open operation. All fundamentals of surgery are strictly followed during Laparoscopic surgery. Lately single incision Laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has come up where all instruments are introduced through the same incision (many but not all procedures can be done in selected patients using this method).

What are Types of Laparoscope?

There are two types of laparoscope:

A telescopic rod lens system, that is usually connected to a video camera (single chip or three chip),

A digital laparoscope where the charge-coupled device is placed at the end of the laparoscope, eliminating the rod lens system.

What Types of Procedures Performed under Laparoscopic Surgery?

Dozens of different kinds of operations are now being done using these new minimally invasive techniques. These include operations on the abdomen, heart, reproductive organs, nerves, ear, nose, sinuses, throat, joints, chest organs, urinary tract, and blood vessels. These techniques are also used in plastic and reconstructive surgery. It may be an appropriate choice for conditions and diseases such as the following:

Diseases and conditions of the abdominal organs, including:

• Gallstones
• Removal of a damaged or diseased spleen;
• Inguinal hernia repairs, when part of the intestine bulges through a weakened segment of the abdominal wall;
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
• Some problems of the colon (large intestine) or rectum; and
• Removal of an infected or inflamed appendix
• Peritonitis
• Appendicitis
• Abscesses
• Adhesions
• Diverticulitis
• Intestinal perforation
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Foreign bodies
• Internal bleeding

Gynecological conditions or procedures including:

• Pelvic pain of uncertain cause;
• Ovarian cysts;
• Endometriosis;
• Pelvic adhesions;
• Ectopic pregnancy;
• Infertility;
• Hysterectomy; and
• Tubal ligation

Treatment of torn cartilage, ligaments, joint pain, and mobility problems in:

• The shoulder;
• Knee;
• Lower back pain caused by a herniated spinal disk ; and
• Spine, such as fusing segments of the backbone together to make the spine more stable.

Correction of abnormalities in the paranasal sinuses that cause chronic sinus infections:

• Sphenoidal sinus
• Ethmoidal sinus
• Maxillary sinus
• Frontal sinus

What are the Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery against Open Procedure ?

There are a number of advantages to the patient with Laparoscopic surgery versus an open procedure. These include:

• Reduced hemorrhaging, which reduces the chance of needing a blood transfusion.
• Smaller incision, which reduces pain and shortens recovery time, as well as resulting in less post-operative scarring.
• Less pain, leading to less pain medication needed.
• Although procedure times are usually slightly longer, hospital stay is less, and often with a same day discharge which leads to a faster return to everyday living.
• Reduced exposure of internal organs to possible external contaminants thereby reduced risk of acquiring infections.

Although laparoscopy in adult age group is widely accepted, its advantages in pediatric age group are questioned. Benefits of laparoscopy appear to recede with younger age. Efficacy of laparoscopy is inferior to open surgery in certain conditions such as pyloromyotomy for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Although laparoscopic appendectomy has lesser wound problems than open surgery, the former is associated with more intra-abdominal abscesses. While general benefits of having laparoscopy is as under:

• There is no cutting of the muscles as the holes are made in between the fibers.
• The pain is minimal like one would have after a skin cut.
• Less chance of hospital acquired infections
• Fewer post-operative chest complications
• Early return to work
• No residual weakness.
• Minimal risk of incisional
• Less disturbing to physiology.
• Exploratory ' open & close ' look into the tummy operations are avoided and the same information is gained on diagnostic laparoscopy as a day case patient with one or maximum two holes.
• Avoidance of large cuts and rib removals in the case of thoracoscopic surgery
• In the case of diagnostic laparoscopy, quick information is gained and the entire procedure can be recorded on video and further opinion can be taken from other surgeons in case of a diagnostic dilemma.
• Despite small holes, there is no compromise in the field of vision. Much more of the 'insides' can be seen than is possible at an open operation. Unlike the 'mini-incision' operations, here the entire tummy can be visualized ensuring no abnormal anatomy or pathology is missed.

What are the Preparations for Laparoscopic Surgery?

Patients scheduled for Laparoscopic surgery usually visit the doctor's office before the operation to discuss the procedure in detail. During the visit, the doctor should fully explain the procedure, what will be done and why, the risks, and how you will benefit from the procedure. The doctor also should answer questions about the procedure. Tests may be ordered, which include blood and urine tests, an electrocardiogram, and possibly an ultrasound scan or x-ray. For further information about ultrasound, go to Ultrasound.

On The Day Of The Operation: Most Laparoscopic surgery is done on an outpatient basis, but this does depend on the procedure and how well the patient is. People undergoing laparoscopy should not eat or drink anything after midnight on the night before the procedure. If medications are usually taken in the morning, check with the doctor on whether to take them with a sip of water, take without water, or skip the dose. Before the surgery, an intravenous line, which consists of a small flexible plastic tube, may be inserted into a vein in the patient's arm or hand. It is used to give medications and fluids during the operation. Sometimes intravenous medication is administered before surgery to help the patient relax. 

What is the post Operative care following a Laparoscopic Surgery?

Here are few precautions you need to follow after having a Laparoscopic surgery:

Patients who have Laparoscopic surgery should carefully follow their doctors' instructions after going home. The exact kind of care needed depends on the type of surgery, the individual's age and general health, and other factors. In general, people recovering from Laparoscopic surgery should care for their incision as directed by the doctor, be cautious about certain activities, and watch for any of the warning signs.

Following Laparoscopic surgery on the abdomen or pelvic areas, it is most likely that one will:

Leave the adhesive bandage or dressing on the incision for two days. During that period, keep the incision area dry. Do not take a shower.

No need to apply new bandages to the incisions unless clothing is rubbing against them.

Remove the bandages after two days, following the doctor's instructions. Individuals usually can resume taking showers at this point.

How long it takes for a full recovery?

Recovery time depends on the kind of procedure, the patient's age, and health before the procedure. The following is a normal timetable for recovery from minimally invasive surgery on the abdomen:

• The groggy feeling from the anesthetic disappears the day after surgery and the individual is fully alert once again.
• Any pain in the shoulders or neck area usually goes away after a few days.
• Soreness in the incisions disappears within a few days and the incisions heal after about five days.
• The bloated feeling after abdominal or pelvic laparoscopy goes away within a few days.

What Complications can occur after Laparoscopic Surgery?

Complications after Laparoscopic surgery are rare. Most people recover quickly and resume their normal activities without problems. However, the risk of infection or other problems exists as with any kind of surgery. These include soreness near the incisions, especially when twisting or stretching the body, patients may have a mild sore throat in case breathing tube was used.

Laparoscopic Surgery in India

India has become a new medical destination for various medical treatments including Laparoscopy. Many international patients from all the corners of the world are coming on medical tour for various laparoscopic surgeries in India and are taking a great benefit from it. The fact behind this haul is that India is providing easily affordable and good quality healthcare facilities compared to foreign level so there is nothing to worry about hygiene etc. Thus the health infrastructure is achieving a great height and all thanks to medical tourism.

The Laparoscopic surgeons and medical professionals too are the most respected and world recognized. They strive to provide outstanding and compassionate care, every step along the way. Their solutions for various medical ailments are very contemporary. The Laparoscopy Hospitals in India, offers a perfect infrastructure and international environment to patient ant physician within its gleaming facade. They are established to ensure the highest standard of training, treatment and research in laparoscopic procedures. With highly advanced medical infrastructure, broad knowledge base, medical expertise and extensive integration, these Institutes make an ideal partner for international patients seeking a more affordable Laparoscopic surgery away from their homes. The various laparoscopic procedures can easily be accessed in the following Indian cities:

The international Health Tourism guests vouch for the medical procedures they receive. Thus we see more and more international medical tourists flock in for various medical procedures. Cost of Laparoscopic Surgery in India

Cost of Laparoscopic Surgery in India

So, if you are suffering and medical intervention is inevitable and urgent, and you are hard pressed to pay from your savings, India is the best option for medical assistance. Would you not go to a country where top-notch medical professionals provide care for a fraction of the cost? Following cost comparison tables prove the financial viability of the Indian healthcare industry:

Some of the common countries from which patients travel to India for surgery are:

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