Aortic valve replacement surgery at world class hospitals in India-video
Aortic valve replacement surgery in India is done with highest level of professional service and quality personal care using the most advanced and modern applications in medical skills and technology available. Aortic valve replacement surgery in India is available at Mumbai and Delhi hospitals that serve patients with excellent quality by providing the finest clinical integration of patient care and provide intensive follow up care and monitor progress to make sure the outcome of surgery meets with patient’s expectation.
Aortic valve replacement surgery is a cardiac procedure in which a patient's aortic valve is replaced by a different valve. The aortic valve can be affected by a range of diseases; the valve can either become leaky or partially blocked (aortic stenosis). Aortic valve replacement can be done either with open heart surgery or without it using a catheter instead. Aortic valve replacement surgery is generally done after the patient has been diagnosed with aortic stenosis. Aortic stenosis is abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve. A number of conditions cause disease resulting in narrowing of the aortic valve. When the degree of narrowing becomes significant enough to impede the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the arteries, heart problems develop and this is when aortic valve replacement surgery becomes necessary. The flow of blood to the arteries of the body is impaired when aortic stenosis exists. Aortic valve stenosis occurs when calcium is deposited on the valve leaflets, limiting their mobility.
Causes
- Progressive wear and tear of a bicuspid valve present since birth.
- Wear and tear of the aortic valve in the elderly.
- Scarring of the aortic valve due to rheumatic fever as a child or young adult.
The major symptoms -
- Chest pain (angina).
- Syncope.
- Shortness of breath.
- Heart failure.
Procedure – In aortic valve replacement surgery the damaged valve is removed and replaced with either a tissue valve or a mechanical valve. The tissues and mechanical valves function similarly. There are three basic types of valves used to replace the diseased heart valve namely porcine valve, mechanical valve and homograft valve.
Porcine valve - The advantage of a porcine valve is that it poses no significant risk for blood clots on the valve; thus, patients do not require blood thinner medication.
Mechanical valve - A mechanical valve is fashioned from metal and synthetic materials. The most commonly used mechanical valve consists of two semicircular discs that open with each contraction of the left ventricle and close when the ventricle relaxes. The advantage of a mechanical valve is that it is quite durable, often lasting more than 20 years.
Homograft valve - A homograft valve is an aortic valve that has been taken from a human organ donor. These valves are not associated with a significant risk for blood clot formation and, thus, do not require blood thinner therapy. There have been significant advances in the way valve replacement surgery is performed, and the risk for complications is low.
During aortic valve replacement surgery the surgeon opens the chest by dividing the breast bone or sternum. Tubes and cannulae are inserted into the heart and major blood vessels surrounding the heart in preparation for cardiopulmonary bypass with the heart-lung machine. At this point, blood is redirected from the heart into the heart-lung machine, the heart is stopped, and the aorta is clamped. This permits the surgeon to safely open and operate on the heart without blood pumping thorough it. The heart-lung machine continues to pump freshly oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, in effect, taking over the roles of the heart and lungs.
The surgeon then opens the aorta and exposes the damaged aortic valve. The valve is then removed and non-absorbable sutures with bolsters or pledgets are placed through the rim or annulus of the valve. These sutures are then brought through the sewing ring of the valve, the valve is lowered into position, and all the sutures are tied. The aorta is then sutured closed, the clamp on the aorta is removed, and all remaining air is evacuated from the heart. As the heart regains its strength, the patient is weaned from the heart-lung machine and the heart and lungs resume their normal functions.
Drainage catheters are placed around the heart and are usually removed after aortic valve replacement surgery. Temporary pacing wires are attached to regulate the patient's heart rate, are sewn to the surface of the heart. The cannulae are removed from in and around the heart, and the sternum and skin are closed. The following morning all drainage catheters and monitoring lines are usually removed and patients are transferred to recovery wing of the hospital.
Risks associated with aortic valve replacement surgery -
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Kidney failure
- Heart attack
- Death.
Recovery post aortic valve replacement surgery
- The patient might feel some discomfort in his chest and throat.
- The patient might feel some discomfort in breathing after the surgery.
Advantages of the aortic valve replacement surgery –
- Relieve in the pain and discomfort of the patient.
- Helps the patient’s heart beat stronger or more effectively.
- Prevent infections.
The hospitals offering aortic valve replacement surgery in India have become more technologically advent and progressive due to which a many people across the globe are thronging to India for their surgery. Aortic valve replacement surgery in India is carried out by the renowned surgeons at world class hospitals. Aortic valve replacement surgery in India is available at various hospitals in metro cities such as Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad. Even though India is still a developing nation, the medical facilities are at par with the West.
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